Investigations have shown sodium hypochlorite to be an effective disinfectant having broad applications. Although a number of other disinfectants (calcium hypochlorite, ozone, UV, solar disinfection) and treatment processes (filters, slow sand filtration) have been investigated, sodium hypochlorite appears to offer the best mix of low cost, ease of use, safety, and effectiveness in areas where there is enough water to drink and water is not excessively turbid. These characteristics are the reasons why most water treatment systems in the US and Europe have been using chlorine for disinfecting drinking water for nearly 100 years. The other disinfection methods noted above also effectively disinfect water and are useful in a number of settings.
The hypochlorite dose will depend on the characteristics of the local water. Usually an amount in the range of 5 to 10 milliliters added to 20 liters of water is sufficient to inactivate the disease-causing organisms, but not leave an unpleasant taste. Once the size of the cap for your project has been determined, some simple experiments can be used to determine the appropriate dose. To conduct the experiments, you will need Sodium Hypochlorite , source water in your area, and a kit that measures the amount of free and combined chlorine.
First, it is important that the concentration of the SH solution produced is correct (usually 0.5 to 1.0%). A concentration that is too low requires too high a volume to adequately treat enough water to be practical. A concentration that is too high is difficult to accurately dose, raising the risk of too high a dose (which is unpalatable), or too low a dose (which might not effectively disinfect the water). Second, it is important that the pH level of the solution be at least 11. This increases the shelf life of the solution.
Why does free chlorine in treated water decline over time?
Chlorine is an extremely reactive chemical. Right after the sodium hypochlorite is added to the water, chlorine levels decline because the chlorine is reacting with inorganic and organic matter and microbes. After those reactions are complete, chlorine in water will slowly escape into the air as a gas. This is the reason that free and total chlorine levels slowly degrade over time in a covered (but not sealed) container, and also why it is recommended that the pH level of the hypochlorite solution be raised to over 11 to extend the shelf life of the solution before it is used.
| Product Name |
SODIUM HYPO CHLORIDE |
| Product Type |
RXSOL-33-3318-025 |
Company Details:
RX MARINE INTERNATIONAL
105, A wing , BSEL , TECH PARK.
VASHI ,NEW BOMBAY 400703 INDIA
| Phone | +91 22 65113333 / 5555 / 9999 |
| Fax | +91 22 2781 1318 :::AOH :0091 9821214367 |
| mail@rxmarine.com |
| Components | CAS Number | Proportion | Hazard Codes |
| Water | 7732-18-5 | >60% | |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 7681-52-9 | 10-30% | H314 H400 |
| Sodium hydroxide | 1310-73-2 | 1% | H290 H314 H318 |
Classification of the substance or mixture:
Skin Corrosion - Sub-category 1C
Eye Damage - Category 1
Acute Aquatic Toxicity - Category 1
Hazard Statement(s):
H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.
Precautionary Statement(s):
Prevention:
P260 Do not breathe dust / fume / gas / mist / vapours / spray.
P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P273 Avoid release to the environment.
P280 Wear protective gloves / protective clothing / eye protection / face protection.
Response:
P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P363 Wash contaminated clothing before re-use.
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P321 Specific treatment (see First Aid Measures on Safety Data Sheet).
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.
P391 Collect spillage.
Storage:
P405 Store locked up.
Disposal:
P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.
Other Hazards:
AUH031 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.
Poisons Schedule (SUSMP): S5 Caution.
Inhalation:
Remove victim from area of exposure - avoid becoming a casualty. Remove contaminated clothing and loosen remaining clothing. Allow patient to assume most comfortable position and keep warm. Keep at rest until fully recovered. If patient finds breathing difficult and develops a bluish discolouration of the skin (which suggests a lack of oxygen in the blood - cyanosis), ensure airways are clear of any obstruction and have a qualified person give oxygen through a face mask. Apply artificial respiration if patient is not breathing. Seek immediate medical advice.
Skin Contact:
If spilt on large areas of skin or hair, immediately drench with running water and remove clothing. Continue to wash skin and hair with plenty of water (and soap if material is insoluble) until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.
Eye Contact:
Immediately wash in and around the eye area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Eyelids to be held apart. Remove clothing if contaminated and wash skin. Urgently seek medical assistance. Transport to hospital or medical centre. Continue to wash with large amounts of water until medical help is available.
Substance No: 000034421401 Version: 9
Ingestion:
Immediately rinse mouth with water. If swallowed, do NOT induce vomiting. Give a glass of water. Seek immediate medical assistance.
Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
Treat symptomatically. Can cause corneal burns. Delayed pulmonary oedema may result.
| Suitable Extinguishing Media: | Not combustible, however, if material is involved in a fire use: Fine water spray, normal foam, dry agent (carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder). |
| Hazchem or Emergency Action Code: | 2X |
| Specific hazards arising from the substance or mixture: | Non-combustible material. |
| Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters: | Decomposes on heating emitting toxic fumes, including those of chlorine . Fire fighters to wear self contained breathing apparatus and suitable protective clothing if risk of exposure to products of decomposition. |
Emergency procedures/Environmental precautions:
Clear area of all unprotected personnel. If contamination of sewers or waterways has occurred advise local emergency services.
Personal precautions/Protective equipment/Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Slippery when spilt. Avoid accidents, clean up immediately. Wear protective equipment to prevent skin and eye contact and breathing in vapours. Work up wind or increase ventilation. Contain - prevent run off into drains and waterways. Use absorbent (soil, sand or other inert material). Collect and seal in properly labelled containers or drums for disposal.
This material is a Scheduled Poison S5 and must be stored, maintained and used in accordance with the relevant regulations.
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid skin and eye contact and breathing in vapour, mists and aerosols. Keep out of reach of children.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in cool place and out of direct sunlight. Store away from acids. Store away from incompatible materials described in Section 10. Keep containers closed when not in use - check regularly for leaks.
Control Parameters:
Exposure Standard(s) for constituent(s):
Substance No: 000034421401 Version: 9
Chlorine: Peak Limitation = 3 mg/m3 (1 ppm)
Sodium hydroxide: Peak Limitation = 2 mg/m3
Appropriate engineering controls:
Ensure ventilation is adequate and that air concentrations of components are controlled below quoted Workplace Exposure Standards. If inhalation risk exists: Use with local exhaust ventilation or while wearing air supplied mask.Keep containers closed when not in use.
Individual protection measures, such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
The selection of PPE is dependent on a detailed risk assessment. The risk assessment should consider the work situation, the physical form of the chemical, the handling methods, and environmental factors.
Orica Personal Protection Guide No. 1, 1998: D - OVERALLS, CHEMICAL GOGGLES, FACE SHIELD, GLOVES(Long), APRON, RUBBER BOOTS.
Wear overalls, chemical goggles, face shield, elbow-length impervious gloves, splash apron or equivalent chemical impervious outer garment, and rubber boots. Always wash hands before smoking, eating, drinking or using the toilet. Wash contaminated clothing and other protective equipment before storage or re-use.
If determined by a risk assessment an inhalation risk exists, wear an air supplied respirator meeting the requirements of AS/NZS 1715 and AS/NZS 1716.
| Physical state: | Liquid |
| color: | Pale Yellow - Green |
| Odor : | Chlorine |
| Solubility: | Miscible in water. |
| Specific Gravity: | 1.2 @20°C |
| Relative Vapour Density (air=1): | 145 - 148 deg C |
| Vapour Pressure (20 °C): | Not available |
| FLASH POINT | Not available |
| Flammability Limits (%): | Not applicable |
| Flash Point (°C): | Not applicable |
| Autoignition Temperature (°C): | Not available |
| Boiling Point/Range (°C): | Not available |
| pH: | 12.5 (1% w/w) |
| Reactivity: | Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. |
| Chemical stability: | Stable under normal ambient and anticipated storage and Handling conditions of temperature and pressure. The amount of available chlorine diminishes over time. Possibility of hazardous |
| Reactions: | Hazardous polymerisation will not occur. Reacts exothermically with acids .Reacts with ammonia, amines and ammonium salts to product chloramines.Decomposes on heating to produce chlorine gas.Conditions to avoid: Avoid contact with foodstuffs. Avoid exposure to heat, sources of ignition, and open flame. Avoid exposure to light. Avoid contact with other chemicals. Avoid contact with acids .Incompatible materials: Incompatible with acids , metals , metal salts ,peroxides , reducing agents , and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid . Incompatible with ammonia and ammonium coumpounds such as amines and ammonium salts. |
| Hazardous decomposition products: | Chlorine. |
No adverse health effects expected if the product is handled in accordance with this Safety Data Sheet and the product label. Symptoms or effects that may arise if the product is mishandled and overexposure occurs are:
| Ingestion: | Swallowing can result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and chemical burns to the gastrointestinal tract. |
| Eye contact: | A severe eye irritant. Corrosive to eyes; contact can cause corneal burns.Contamination of eyes can result in permanent injury. |
| Skin contact: | Contact with skin will result in severe irritation. Corrosive to skin - may cause skin burns. |
| Inhalation: | Breathing in mists or aerosols may produce respiratory irritation. Delayed (up to 48 hours) fluid build up in the lungs may occur. |
| Acute toxicity: | No LD50 data available for the product. For the constituent |
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE:
| Oral LD50 (mice): | 5800 mg/kg |
| Serious eye damage/irritation: | Moderate irritant (rabbit). Standard Draize test |
| Chronic effects: | No information available for the product. |
| Ecotoxicity |
Avoid contaminating waterways. For SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE |
| Persistence/degradability: | This material is biodegradable. |
| Aquatic toxicity: | Very toxic to aquatic organisms. |
|
48hr LC50 (fish): |
0.07 - 5.9 mg/L. |
Decontamination and destruction of containers should be considered.
Road and Rail Transport:
Classified as Dangerous Goods by the criteria of the AustralianDangerous Goods Code (ADG Code) for Transport by Road and Rail;
DANGEROUS GOODS.
| UN No: | 1791 |
| Transport Hazard Class: | 8 Corrosive |
| Packing Group: | III |
|
Proper Shipping Name or Technical Name: |
HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION |
|
Hazchem or Emergency Action Code: |
2X |
Marine Transport :
Classified as Dangerous Goods by the criteria of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) for transport by sea;
DANGEROUS GOODS.
| UN No: | 1791 |
| Transport Hazard Class: | 8 Corrosive |
| Packing Group: | III |
|
Proper Shipping Name or Technical Name: |
HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION |
| IMDG EMS Fire: |
F-A |
| IMDG EMS Spill: | S-B |
Air Transport:
Classified as Dangerous Goods by the criteria of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations for transport by air;
DANGEROUS GOODS.
| UN No: | 1791 |
| Transport Hazard Class: | 8 Corrosive |
| Packing Group: | III |
|
Proper Shipping Name or Technical Name: |
HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION |
| Classification: | Excess limit of material is hazardous according to Safe Work |
|
Classification of the substance or mixture: |
Skin Corrosion - Sub-category 1C Eye Damage - Category 1 Acute Aquatic Toxicity - Category 1 |
| Hazard Statement(s): |
H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H400 Very toxic to aquatic life. |
| Poisons Schedule (SUSMP): |
S5 Caution. All the constituents of this material are listed on the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS). |
The information provided about the product on this Safety Data Sheet has been compiled from knowledge of the individual constituents The data given here is based on current knowledge and experience. This Safety Data Sheet describes the product in terms of safety requirements and does not signify any warranty with regard to the product's properties The data given here only applies when product used for proper application(s). The product is not sold as suitable for other applications usage in such may cause risks not mentioned in this sheet. Do not use for other application(s) without seeking advice from manufacturer.
DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY :The information in this SDS was obtained from sources which we believe are reliable. However, the information is provided without any warranty, express or implied, regarding its correctness. The conditions or methods of handling, storage, use or disposal of the product are beyond our control and may be beyond our knowledge. For this and other reasons, we do not assume responsibility and expressly disclaim liability for loss, damage or expense arising out of or in any way connected with the handling, storage, use or disposal of the product. This MSDS was prepared and is to be used only for this product. If the product is used as a component in another product, this MSDS information may not be applicable.